Internet culture: Has the GIF grown up?

The GIF — or Graphics Interchange Format — has long been defined by silly and lighthearted contributions to online culture, but it has also gained steam as a serious and increasingly accessible storytelling tool.

In a milestone year, the compressed file format celebrated its 25th birthday and enjoyed recognition as the Oxford dictionary's U.S. word of the year for 2012.

'The GIF has evolved from a medium for pop-cultural memes into a tool with serious applications including research and journalism.' —Katherine Martin

The most popular GIFs shared online are typically animated, colourful, and intentionally entertaining. They feature animals doing funny things, accidental happenings and snippets from popular culture.

It's "catnip for the internet," says popular tech site Gizmodo.

But GIFs also played a role in major news stories in 2012, a large part of the reason the Oxford University Press defined the word this way:

GIF: verb. To create a GIF file of (an image or video sequence, especially relating to an event): "He GIFed the highlights of the debate."

"Like so many other relics of the '80s, [the GIF] has never been trendier," Katherine Martin, head of the U.S. Dictionaries Program at OUP, said in a statement.

"The GIF has evolved from a medium for pop-cultural memes into a tool with serious applications including research and journalism, and its lexical identity is transforming to keep pace."

Oxford University Press highlighted the amount of GIFing done during the 2012 Olympics in London, exemplified by The Atlantic's coverage of the vault event.

The magazine wove a series botched landings between paragraphs that referenced them, an approach that was more telling than stills and also easier on the internet connection than videos because compressed images load more quickly. Other mainstream media outlets, like the New York Times, Business Insider and CBC News have experimented with the format in ways that would have raised eyebrows in previous years.

During the U.S. presidential election, for instance, many media outlets live-GIFed key moments and catchphrases — such as Mitt Romney's much repeated "binders full or women."

The GIFs of the people

But journalists are not the only ones who have been working GIFs into their routines.

Last year saw the creation of apps like WeGIF and Motiongraph that put the tools of GIF-making in the hands of the masses. Many such apps are competing to become the GIFing equivalent of the wildly popular (if recently criticized) picture sharing platform Instagram.

One of the top contenders is Cinemagram, a small startup with roots in Montreal, which has attracted millions of active users since launching as a free app in March.

The number of people signing up each day is in the tens of thousands, says community manager Katie Sehl.

"We don't think it's just a flash in the pan," she said, adding that GIFing will increasingly become one of the ways people are communicating. Many users, she noted, have used the app to tell news stories from their point of view.

"The news aspect is something we had not anticipated initially, but are really excited about," Sehl said. "Every news story is huge for our users: Hurricane Sandy, the 2012 election, even Black Friday."

Devin Feldman, a 19-year-old U.S. college student who runs the popular Twitter account @GIF_Master, says the use of GIFs in news coverage could make stories more appealing to his generation.

"Honestly, I think about Harry Potter," he said, referencing newspapers shown in the boy wizard movies where the photographs move. The politician on the front page, he said, would seem more alive.

"You don't just see some bad angle, but the reaction on their face."

Many sites that feature GIFs prominently, like blog hosting platform Tumblr, still focus on lighthearted fare and cheeky ways of expressing emotion. However, several now include newsworthy GIFs. The GIF Hound's Tumblr blog, for instance, is dedicated to capturing key moments from current events.

"The Obama campaign released video today of the president thanking his staff post-re-election victory," notes the curator in one entry. The GIF featured the moment U.S. President Barack Obama wiped a tear from his eye. "He got a little emotional."

If GIFs of a serious nature become more commonplace, and if higher resolution GIFs become easier to make and share, the usage of the 25-year-old format could gain new life and become more widespread.

Sehl said pigeonholing the format as frivolous ignores its expressive potential. She has seen users create GIFs about issues from the headlines as well as the emotionally charged stories from their own lives.

"One user used Cinemagram to track his brother's progression in coming out of a coma," she said. "GIFs can be whatever you want them to be."

[View the story "GIFing the news of the day" on Storify]

Storified by CBC News Community· Fri, Dec 21 2012 16:15:29

Some have called 2012 the year of the GIF, especially as its usage continues to expand into the realms of journalism, research and art. Will this 25-year-old format shed its reputation for exaggerated facial expressions and psychedelic scenes?

Here are some news GIFs that illustrate the image file format's serious side.

November: Barack Obama gives an emotional thank you speech to a group of campaign volunteers in Chicago a day after his re-election as U.S. president.

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October: NASA reveals images of Hurricane Sandy as seen from space.

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September: Egyptian police and protesters clash in Cairo following protests over an American-produced low-budget video that mocks the Prophet Muhammad.

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September: U.S. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama participate in a wreath-laying ceremony at the Pentagon on the anniversary of 9/11.

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August: The long-anticipated landing of NASA's Mars rover is a success. Curiosity, a moving laboratory the size of a compact car, landed right on target. Here's a glimpse at its descent.

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August: A wind-battered sign is captured on camera as tropical storm Isaac is officially upgraded to a hurricane.

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July: Movie theatre shooting suspect James Holmes appears dazed during a court appearance in Aurora, Colo. In all, Holmes faced 142 charges in connection with the shooting rampage at a midnight showing of the Batman movie.

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July: Seven promising young British athletes lit the Olympic cauldron during the 2012 London games. Several rings of fire came together to form one blazing torch.

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June: As in the iconic image, a lone activist blocks the advance of a column of tanks during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Chinese police aggressively deterred dissent on the 20th anniversary of the crackdown in June.

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What do you think of this usage of GIFs? Would you like to see more of them in daily news stories?